Beyond the label: current evidence and future directions for the interrelationship between electronic cigarettes and mental health

Electronic cigarette use has dramatically increased over the last decade. With this recent technological development and wide range of constituents in various products, putative adverse effects on brain body have been largely unexplored. Here, we review current evidence linking electronic nicotine with potential health consequences provide supporting an association between drug depression humans. We also examine biological individual aerosols, which include labeled ingredients, such as propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, flavorants, well unlabeled ingredients found carbonyls heavy metals. Lastly, endogenous metabolism via changes cytochrome P450 enzymes, can thereby impact therapeutic outcomes. While offers insight into processes, further studies are necessary to determine long-term clinical relevance aerosol inhalation.